D.

1.Chimpanze

2.Baboon

3.Spider Monkey

4.Gibbon

5.Lemur

A.Environment

Lemurs: Lemurs still are native to the country Madagascar they also live in other parts of islands surrounding Madagascar. Lemurs prefer to live in the canopy tree tops of the tropical rain forest. Lemurs are the only mammals that inhabit Madagascar so they have no predator except for farmers where clear lands. The Lemurs communities’ diversity and complexity increases with floral diversity and precipitation, the lemurs feed on the flowers and insects and leaves that inhabit lemur’s environment. Lemurs spend most of their time in trees or bushes. Lemurs that stay awake during the day live in groups and nocturnal lemurs prefer to live alone.

Spider Monkey: Spider monkeys live in the tropical rainforests of Southern and Central America, from Southern Mexico to Brazil. Spider monkeys prefer to live in large tracts of moist evergreen forests and they require an undisturbed primary forest. They live in the upper layers of the rainforest and roam the high canopies of the rainforest. Spider monkeys spend most of their times up on trees so they are well adjusted to the life in the treetops of the rainforest. These monkeys are strong and agile and can find food with the resources that are within their environment. Spider monkeys are rarely seen on the ground do to natural predators that roam the grounds of the rainforest

Baboon: Baboons can be found in Africa. Baboons prey on fish, birds, and small antelope. They also feed on leaves and other vegetation that inhibit there island. Like any other mammals Baboons require water and can adapt to their environment as long as water and vegetation is close by. Baboons live in tall trees or on cliff faces.

Gibbons: Gibbons live in subtropical rainforests from northeast India to Indonesia and north to southern China, including the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. Gibbons move from tree to tree by swinging their arms between branches. Gibbons prefer to live high up in the trees keeping them safe from natural predators. The male and female gibbons sleep in separate trees. Gibbons are known to sing throughout the day unless they are sleeping.

Chimpanzee: Chimpanzees are able to live in all different types of habitats. They are known to be adaptable to all types of environments so in a way they are the closest mammals related to humans. Chimpanzees live both in trees and on the ground and live in large groups are some chose to be in smaller groups.


Answer B: Locomotor Patterns

Lemurs: lemurs are well known leapers they leapt from about 3 meters from tree branch to tree branch and climb up trees well also. Lemurs are able to walk on all four limbs making them quadruple.

Spider Monkey: There are different types of locomotion that spider monkeys use. The spider monkey uses all four limbs for locomotion as seen while walking or running. They use suspensory locomotion which is the type of locomotion that enables them to use their tails, to climb or to move throughout the trees. Since spider monkeys spend most of their times in trees there body is very acrobatic and they are able to move swiftly through tree tops.

Baboon: Baboons have a quadruple type of locomotion pattern locomotion pattern. Their locomotion pattern is different from other types of monkey these baboons walk on their digits or in other words they walk on their toes with the heels not touching the ground. This type of locomotion is known as digitigrade quadruple.

Gibbon: Gibbons main locomotion pattern is brachiating. When gibbons brachiate, they use four fingers of their hands like a hook, they use there hook like hands to swing from tree to tree. These types of monkeys have long s arms due to always swing from tree to tree. Gibbons are also known for being acrobatic just like the spider monkey. Gibbons lives are spent mainly in the trees. And just like the spider monkey gibbons prefer to live high up in trees due to natural predators that inhabit the ground beneath. Rarely are gibbons seen to be on the ground but when they are seen on the ground they walk on two legs. Gibbons are capable of walking along trees on their feet they use their arms as a type of balance to keep them steady preventing them from falling

Chimpanzee: the Chimpanzee is usually seen walking on all four limbs, and they are also capable of walking upright. Chimpanzees walk on the soles of their feet and the knuckles of their hands, this is also known as knuckle walking. Chimpanzees will naturally walk on their feet when they need to use their arms to carry something. Chimpanzees are also capable of brachiating so they are also able ability to swing from branch to branch in the trees.

C.
For the Spider Monkey and the Gibbon, I would say that the way they move locomotor patterns was influenced by the primates environment greatly. If these three primates were not able to hang from a tree or able to swing from branch to branch and had to walk on the ground they would be more prone to being eaten by a bigger predator. With the ability to hang from the trees and swing from the branches they are able to stay up in the high trees and keep themselves safe from the predators on the ground.

For the Chimpanzee I would say that the locomotion trait has been adapted to the environment. Chimpanzees are primates that can adapt to their environment really quickly. The way they move adjust to where they are living. Chimpanzee’s are able to walk on all fours or if they need to carry food or something else they are able to walk on two of their limbs. Chimpanzees are also able to climb trees and suspend themselves from branches. I think the chimpanzees locomotion trait works to their advantage sine they are able to adapt easily to any environment that they are in.

Baboons walk on all fours and their digits which is the tips of their toes and the knuckles of their hands. This locomotion trait I believe was adapted to help the baboons keep their hands and the soles of their feet from becoming to rough since they are not able to climb trees or hang from branches.

Lemurs adapted to their environment rather well. Since they are either on the ground or in the trees the locomotion movement of Lemurs has adapted well to their environment. They are able to move on the ground rather quickly and if need be can leap into the trees and have great balance.


I would say that the influence the environment has on physical and behavioral traits has a huge impact. I say this because we adapt to whatever situation or wherever we are so that we are compatible with what we are doing. I believe the same is for primates. The primates adapted to the environment that they were dealt. Some primates got pushed out of their natural environment and was relocated to a new one. With the new environment comes new issues, such as types of food, shelter, and the make up of the ground. The primates learned how to walk to keep their feet and hands from becoming to rough and other primates figured out how to leap into the higher trees or keep their balance on a slimmer tree branch. The environment impacts our traits immensely.